This contrasts decision-making power concentrated at the top of the organization (centralized) versus distributing authority to various departments or units for more localized control (decentralized).
which is better in the long run?
I think centralized management works better in the long run, especially in large organizations where a clear direction is needed to maintain uniformity and efficiency.
In the long run, a hybrid approach often proves most effective—combining the strategic oversight of centralized management with the agility and responsiveness of decentralized units. This balance allows organizations to maintain control while empowering teams to act quickly and meet specific needs.